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    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD AND APPLIANCE FOR TREATING KITCHEN WASTE AND A KITCHEN WASTE PRODUCT. Method of processing kitchen waste, such as food waste, from a kitchen is described in which the appliance in the kitchen facilities receives the waste, pulverizes the received waste in order to provide dehydrated waste, compresses the dehydrated waste to produce compressed waste; and provides the processed waste to await collection.
    公开号:BR112013011483B1
    申请号:R112013011483-5
    申请日:2011-10-26
    公开日:2020-11-17
    发明作者:Jeremy Cathcart
    申请人:Voro Limited；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating waste, in particular food waste, for example, in a domestic kitchen or in an industrial or commercial kitchen or restaurant. These food residues can be cooked or uncooked food and can be, for example, leftover cooked meals, food left on plates or food preparation residues.
    [0002] The collection and disposal of kitchen waste is a growing problem. This waste is commonly collected periodically by local garbage services and is disposed of by incineration or landfill.
    [0003] Several proposals have been made to deal with collected waste. As an example, US 5,302,331 describes a process in which a wide range of collected waste materials, including food scraps, are sprayed using a hammer mill that comprises a rotating drum and steel blades that rotate inside the drum. The powdered garbage is then removed from the drum and transferred to a mixing container, where it is suspended by adding water. Bacterial growth is inhibited by the addition of a biological fixing agent, such as lime, mortar, wood mass, adhesives, plaster or Portland cement, for example, a mixture of lime, Portland cement and sand. The suspension mixture can be molded into molds to define as blocks.
    [0004] Whatever the processing that may be carried out after collection, pending the collection, the unprocessed waste is likely to attract parasites and degrade the production of unpleasant odors and potentially a health risk.
    [0005] Embodiments of the present invention provide for processing kitchen or restaurant waste, in particular food waste, in situ at the kitchen or restaurant location.
    [0006] Embodiments of the present invention provide the processing of kitchen waste on a scale convenient for use by a householder or small commercial establishment, such as a restaurant or hotel, thus allowing them to treat their own waste and remove need to store untreated waste for collection.
    [0007] Embodiments of the invention provide a method of processing kitchen or food waste, the method which comprises processing the waste in the facilities in which it was generated using an apparatus that shreds incoming waste to provide fragmented waste, dehydrates fragmented waste to supply dehydrated waste, it compresses dehydrated fragmented waste and provides processed waste, which comprises spongy granular material, for storage, collection or other disposal.
    [0008] Optionally, the method further comprises the apparatus by mixing the compressed waste with a powder to inhibit bacterial infection before supplying the processed waste.
    [0009] In one embodiment, a method further comprises collecting processed waste from a plurality of facilities and disposing of collected processed waste.
    [0010] Disposal may include transporting processed waste to a processing facility. As another possibility, the processed waste can be transported to a waste disposal site for disposal, for example, as a landfill.
    [0011] One embodiment of the invention provides a method for the treatment of kitchen waste to stabilize the pending residual collection, in the form of waste granules, comprising the fragmentation of the waste to provide the fragmented waste, dehydration of the fragmented waste to provide the dehydrated residue, compression of the dehydrated residue to produce compressed residues and mixing the compressed residues with a powder, for example, cement powder, to form granules of residues.
    [0012] Embodiments of the present invention provide processed residues that are stable, without rot, essentially odorless and unattractive or edible to pests such as mice. As such, processed residues do not need to be collected frequently. Thus, waste collections can be decreased in frequency to any desired level, for example, once every four weeks.
    [0013] The embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for receiving kitchen waste from the catering or household industry comprising food waste and its conversion to a dry granular form and resistant to decomposition. The granular product is stable, dry and easily storable to await collection and later disposal by a collection authority.
    [0014] Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for batch processing kitchen waste comprising food waste, the apparatus comprising an inlet for receiving food waste, a shredder or shredding device for shredding the received waste to provide the fragmented waste, a dehydration or dehydration device for the fragmented waste to provide dehydrated waste and a compressor to compress the dehydrated waste to produce compressed waste. Optionally, a delivery device can be provided to provide powder to be mixed with the compressed waste by a mixer to form waste granules.
    [0015] The waste inlet can communicate with a hopper with an outlet communicating with the shredder through a door mechanism. The inlet can have a movable lid between a closed and an open position and the door mechanism and the lid can be interconnected so that the door mechanism opens to release food residue to pass out of the door mechanism to reach the shredder only when the lid is in the closed position and so that the lid is opened to allow a user to add food waste to the hopper only when the door mechanism is closed.
    [0016] The shredder may comprise, at least, a pair of knife support blades or blades driven in a counter-rotating manner, defining a narrowing through which the residue is forced The effect of the cutting / slicing action of the knives can be reduce the residue to particles with no more than 4mm in its largest dimension, preferably not more than 2mm.
    [0017] In one embodiment, a receiving chamber is provided to receive the fragmented residue and to transfer the fragmented residue to the dehydration element. The receiving chamber may have an agitation element driven to agitate the fragmented residue and move the residues to the dehydration element.
    [0018] The driven stirring element can be shaped to stimulate fragmented residues to enter the dehydration or dehydrator device. As an example, the driven agitation element may have blades with a rope slanted to the horizontal, with the front edge of each blade above its rear edge.
    [0019] The dehydration element may comprise an Archimedes screw in a screw housing, the screw housing having an entry for the fragmented waste at an upstream location and an outlet for dehydrated waste at a downstream location and holes or openings along the length of the housing between the entrance and the exit allowing the water to escape from it. The pitch, outer diameter and core diameter of this screw can be constant, so that the residue is not substantially compressed at this point. Optionally, the pitch may progressively decrease or the core diameter may progressively increase to impose a greater degree of compression, although the main objective of this stage is dehydration rather than compression.
    [0020] The compressor may comprise an Archimedes screw with a screw thread helically arranged over a core with a diameter that increases, in one example it expands progressively, from an inlet end to an outlet end of the screw. As another possibility or in addition, the Archimedes screw can have a decreasing screw pitch from the input end to the outlet end, although decreasing the screw pitch can reduce the screw's ability to carry material. The pressure applied during the compression process and the heat generated by the friction during the compression process help the drying of the material to be processed and can contribute to sterilize the residue by killing bacteria. If desired, a heat source could be provided to assist drying.
    [0021] The compressor may have a housing that comprises two hinged housings to provide access for cleaning by cleaning fluid and perhaps also to allow the relief of excess pressure caused by an incompressible object inadvertently passing through this part of the machine.
    [0022] In one embodiment, the dehydration element comprises an Archimedes dehydration screw that runs in a screw housing having a screw thread around a cylindrical core, the compressor comprises a compression Archimedean screw with a thread of screw around a core, where the two cores are connected longitudinally to each other or are unitary or integrated.
    [0023] In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a hopper to contain an agent to assist the drying of the material being processed and a feeding mechanism for distributing the hopper drying agent to mix with the compressed residue.
    [0024] The agent will generally be a powder or fine granular material and can be any material that is acceptable for health and safety and environmental reasons, that is a material suitable for processing inside the apparatus and that facilitates the drying of the waste material which is being processed to produce particle size or particulate output that can, for example, be stored for a number of weeks awaiting collection.
    [0025] In one example, the agent can be or comprise a material, such as lime or cement that, when mixed with the material to be processed, depending on the moisture content of the material to be processed, can cause an exothermic reaction, generating heat that can assist in drying the material to be processed. Any suitable form of cement can be used.
    [0026] The agent can comprise or contain a grinding agent that assists the mixing process and can assist the production of an output of granular or particulate processed residues. Examples of grinding agents are relatively hard and chemically inert particulate materials, such as crushed silica, crushed stone and / or sand.
    [0027] The agent may comprise or contain a grinding agent to assist in the production of an output of granular or particulate processed residues.
    [0028] In one example, the agent may comprise at least one of a cement, for example, Portland cement, fast lime and finely divided silica or a mixture of hydraulic mortar.
    [0029] In one example, the agent may be a mixture of hydraulic mortar which may comprise silica (which may be crystalline silica, eg crushed stone), hydrated lime (CaOH2) and calcium and magnesium carbonate (for example, Dolomite), optionally with some polymer latex, such as styrene butadiene latex.
    [0030] In one example, the agent may be or may comprise, by weight, 60% crushed quartz, 30% hydrated lime, 5% SBR latex and 5% Dolomite.
    [0031] As another possibility, the agent may contain a cement, in one example, Portland cement. It may also contain lime. You can also understand the aggregate, such as fine sand, suitably fine silica sand.
    [0032] A suitable cement powder, based on Portland cement, is glass block mortar (GBM). A typical GBM contains, by weight, 50-65% crystalline silica, 20-32% Portland cement, 0-5% latex polymer, 0 to 5% dolomite (or other calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate or a mixture of these) and 0-1% detergent, for example sodium naphthalene sulfonate. Suitably, the latex polymer is vinyl acetate, SBR (styrene-butadiene) or acrylate.
    [0033] A fungicide can be added at an appropriate stage in the processing of the residues. The drying agent can optionally comprise a fungicide that can be added as a dry powder, for example, added with or as part of the drying agent, or liquid fungicide that can be added to the original residue or at another stage before addition to the agent drying. Copper sulfate (or another copper salt) is a preferred fungicide, to be used as a dry powder or, less preferably, in solution. Other possible fungicides include wood preservatives.
    [0034] When the drying agent is used, then, in one embodiment, an objective is for the dehydrating element to produce matter with a water content appropriate to the amount of drying agent to be used, so that granules are produced appropriately. dried at the end of the process.
    [0035] The mixer may comprise a mixing chamber containing at least one rotating blade element.
    [0036] The device may include features to perform a cleaning cycle, which, in response to the start of a cleaning cycle, causes the cleaning liquid to be passed through one or more of the dehydrating element, the compressor and the shredder, the cleaning fluid passed to be discharged through an outlet drainage hole.
    [0037] The dehydration element and the compressor can comprise screw conveyors that can be executed in the reverse direction during a cleaning cycle.
    [0038] The device can comprise one or more sensors to allow the automatic initiation of a cleaning cycle when the presence of residues in the device is no longer detected after the residue has been processed.
    [0039] A valve can be provided between a compressor outlet and the mixer whose valve is movable between an open position where the outlet communicates with the mixing chamber and a closed position where the outlet is closed from the mixing chamber. mixture. The isolation of the mixer from the upstream parts of the waste path allows these parts to be washed while the mixer is kept dry.
    [0040] The embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of the apparatus incorporating the invention; Figure 2 shows a flow chart illustrating a process that incorporates the invention; Figure 3 shows a functional diagram of an example of the apparatus incorporating the invention; Figure 4 shows a perspective view of an example of an apparatus receiving chamber incorporating the invention; Figure 5 shows a perspective view, in an open position, of a screw conveyor housing of a compressor of an apparatus representing the invention; Figure 6 shows a photograph of a sample of material that enters a mixing chamber of the apparatus that incorporates the invention; Figure 7 shows a photograph of a sample of waste output processed by an apparatus representing the invention; and Figure 8 shows a photograph of a sample of waste output processed by an apparatus incorporating the invention in which the drying agent is omitted in processing.
    [0041] Referring now to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of an example of an apparatus incorporating the invention.
    [0042] The appliance is a suitable size for placement inside a domestic, industrial or commercial kitchen. Where the appliance is designed to treat household food waste, it can be 300 mm (millimeter) wide and 500 mm deep and designed to fit under a standard kitchen counter. As another possibility, the appliance can be similar in size to a dishwasher or washing machine (for example, with a thickness of 500 mm by 500 mm or 600 mm by 600 mm). When the device is for use in an industrial or commercial setting, it can be larger.
    [0043] As shown in Figure 1, the apparatus has a housing 10 that has a waste input 120 to allow a user to carry a waste receiver 140 mounted within the housing with kitchen waste, in particular food waste, for example , with cooked or uncooked food, cooked food or uncooked food remaining in dishes and debris or peeled food produced during food preparation.
    [0044] The waste receiver 140 is coupled to deliver the received waste to a shredder 200 to produce the shredded waste. The shredder 200 is coupled to supply the fragmented residue to a dehydrating element 500. The dehydrating element 500 is coupled to the dehydrated waste material for a compressor 501 which is provided to compress the dehydrated fragmented residue and to supply the fragmented residue dehydrated tablet. The compressed dehydrated fragmented residue can be supplied directly to an outlet 920 of the device.
    [0045] The apparatus has a powder receiver 801 coupled to receive a drying agent, generally a powder, from a powder inlet 800 and to supply the drying agent to a mixer 880 provided to mix the dehydrated tablet with powder before leaving. The purpose of the drying agent is to improve dryness and therefore the useful life of the resulting processed waste product, allowing it to be stored for collection.
    [0046] Obviously, it will be appreciated that Figure 1 is intended simply to represent the functionality provided and the functional components shown in Figure 1 do not necessarily need to actually be separate components. As an example, the dehydrating element and the compressor can be supplied by the same component.
    [0047] In operation, as illustrated in Figure 2, a user places the food waste (as explained above) in the waste receiver 140 (Sl). The waste can be stored there temporarily, with other waste being added from time to time. The user also loads the powder receiver 801 with the drying agent.
    [0048] When the device is activated by the user, the food waste is supplied by the waste receiver 140 to the shredder 200 and the shredder is driven to cut, crush and grind the food waste into particles or granules of a size and consistency similar to bread crumbs (S2). The shredder may comprise one or more crushing blades.
    [0049] The fragmented residue passes to the dehydration element 500 where it is dehydrated and slightly compressed (S3) before being transferred to compressor 501 (S4). The dehydration element 500 can be designed so that, for example, depending on the original water content, 50-70% of the weight of the waste is removed as liquid water. The compressor can be designed to place waste under high pressure, for example, in the range of 5MPa - 35MPa or higher, for example, 400MPa and can be subjected to friction heating, resulting in an increase in temperature that can be, for example, example, 7-10 degrees Celsius, depending on the food residue being processed. The waste can be heated (for example, by exchanging heat with a hot water supply). In one example, the dehydrating element and the compressor can be provided by the respective sections of a screw conveyor with, at least in the high pressure section, the core diameter increasing and / or the transport screw pitch decreasing, for example continuously, towards the rear end, which is in the direction in which the waste is being transferred, in order to compact the waste when it is transported by the screw conveyor.
    [0050] The fragmented, dehydrated and compressed waste can now have a paste-like consistency and a water content, typically of about 30%, preferably 25%, by weight.
    [0051] When provided, the agent will generally be a powder or fine granular material and can be any material that is acceptable for health, safety and environmental reasons, that is suitable for processing within the apparatus and that facilitates the drying of the waste material which is being processed to produce granular or particulate processed output that can, for example, be stored for a number of weeks awaiting collection.
    [0052] When a powder is supplied, the powder from the dust receiver 801 and the compressed dehydrated fragmented waste outlet of the compressor are mixed by the mixer (S6) and supplied to the outlet (S7). In one example, the powder can be provided to provide a proportion, in percentage by volume, of 25 to 35% powder residues, depending on the type of food. For a household appliance, the dust receiver can store about 1 kg (kilogram) of drying agent, which can be sufficient to process the food waste of an average family for a week. The mixer also acts to cut or chop the residual material.
    [0053] In one example, the agent may be or comprise a material, such as lime or cement that, when mixed with the residues being processed, depending on the moisture content of the residue being processed, causes an exothermic reaction, generating heat that can help the drying of the waste being processed. Any suitable form of cement can be used.
    [0054] The agent can comprise or contain a grinding agent that assists the mixing process and can assist the production of an output of granular or particulate processed waste. Examples of grinding agents are relatively rigid, relatively chemically inert particulate materials, such as at least one of crushed silica, crushed stone and sand. The agent can comprise or contain a binding agent to aid in the production of an output of granular or particulate processed waste.
    [0055] As an example, the powder can be an alkaline or lime-based powder such as, for example, a cement powder, a quick lime, a mixture of hydraulic mortar. An example of a hydraulic mortar mixture can comprise silica (which can be crystalline silica, for example, crushed stone), hydrated lime (CaOH2), and calcium and magnesium carbonate (for example, Dolomite), optionally with some polymer latex , such as styrene butadiene latex. In a specific example, the hydraulic mortar may comprise, by weight, crushed quartz 60%, hydrated lime 30%, 5% SBR latex and 5% Dolomite.
    [0056] In one example, a cement powder can comprise Portland cement. A cement powder can also contain one or both of quick lime and a fine aggregate such as fine sand, suitably fine silica sand.
    [0057] An example of a suitable Portland cement-based cement powder is glass block mortar (GBM). A typical GBM contains, by weight, 50-65% crystalline silica, 20-32% Portland cement, 0-5% latex polymer, 0 to 5% dolomite (or other calcium carbonate, carbonate of magnesium or a mixture thereof) and 0-1% detergent, for example sodium naphthalene sulfonate. The latex polymer can be vinyl acetate, SBR (styrene-butadiene) or acrylate.
    [0058] After mixing, the residue and powder will have formed an output of processed residues comprising particles of about 1 to 2 mm in size that are quite dry and therefore form a coarse fluid powder which is supplied to outlet 920. Where the powder comprises a quick cement and / or lime, the chemical reaction between the powder and the wet food residue generates heat that accelerates the drying time, compacting the increase with temperature, resulting in a particulate material that gradually defines or hardens (similar to "going" cement) to produce the fluid coarse powder. The outlet 920 can comprise a trough 94 and can release the fluid coarse powder in a bag, suitably of paper or other biodegradable material, or other receptacle. For home use, the bag can be similar in size to a vacuum cleaner bag.
    [0059] The output of waste processed by the device can be reserved for future disposal, as it is quite odorless and is not affected by getting wet. Processed waste can therefore be stored without difficulty to await collection.
    [0060] A fungicide can be added at an appropriate stage in the processing of the waste. The agent can optionally comprise a fungicide, which can be added as a dry powder, for example, added with or as part of the drying agent, or a liquid fungicide can be added to the original residue or at another stage prior to addition to the drying agent. drying. Copper sulfate (or another copper salt) is a preferred fungicide, to be used as a dry powder or, less preferably, in solution. Other possible fungicides include wood preservatives.
    [0061] An example of a food waste treatment apparatus according to the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5, in which Figure 3 shows a functional diagram illustrating examples of the various functional components of the apparatus, how they cooperate and how the various materials pass through the device. In this example, the device is designed to receive food waste and process it through six stages to produce a dry granulated material as a final product. WASTE RECEPTION
    [0062] In this example, the garbage entry is in the form of an opening door by user 12 of housing 10. Door 12 can be, for example, hinged or slidable for opening. Port 12 gives access to the waste receiver, which in this example is a hopper 14.
    [0063] The hopper 14 has hinged or hinged wall elements 22 (only one being visible in Figure 3) that are movable between a closed position in which the hopper holds the waste and an open position in which the hopper discharges the waste to the shredder.
    [0064] The articulating sidewall elements 20 can rotate on the axes 24a by any appropriate mechanism (not shown), in this example, by means of a crank mechanism, coupled to a drive mechanism 180 (see below) of the apparatus.
    [0065] The side wall members 20 of the hopper 14 are therefore movable between a first closed down position and a second open down position. Thus, when the side wall members 20 are in the second position open downward the residual product is released from the hopper into the sprayer while the side wall members 20 are in the first position closed down, the wall members press down the food residue that is below them to facilitate fragmentation.
    [0066] A locking mechanism (not shown) ensures that the lid or door 12 is locked before the hopper 14 is opened to discharge the residue on the shredder or shredding device. FRAGMENTATION DEVICE
    [0067] In this example, the shredder or shredding device has two parallel and counter-rotating axes 44, 46 below the side wall elements of the hopper 20. Each axis 44, 4 6 carries a stack of laminated wheels 48 configured to rotate with its axis 44, 46. For example, the blade wheels 48 can be engaged for rotation with their respective axis 44, 46. As another possibility, the axles 44 can have a non-circular, for example, octagonal cross section. The wheels 48 of the two axles 44 and 46 are intertwined and rotate in order to extract the residue between the axles 44 and 46. Each blade-shaped wheel 48 has knife teeth (for example, eight) that, as an example, can be shaped in such a way that the distal end of each tooth rotates behind the radius, bisecting the root of the tooth, the front edge of the tooth being convexly curved for fast action through the food residue. The counter-rotating axes 44 and 46 define a narrowing through which, in operation, the waste is forced. The effect of the cutting / pricking action of the knives can be to reduce the residue for particles of not more than 4mm in their largest dimension, preferably not more than 2mm.
    [0068] In this example, a receiving chamber 50 is provided below the blade-shaped wheels 48 to receive the fragmented residue and to transfer the fragmented residue to the dehydrating element. The receiving chamber may have a stirring element driven to stir the fragmented waste and move the waste to the dehydration element.
    [0069] Figure 4 illustrates an example of the receiving chamber 50. In the example illustrated in Figure 4, the receiving chamber can have a cylindrical side wall 52 and a floor or bottom wall 54. A rotating axis 62 that can be moved by the driving element 180, it runs back and forth through the chamber 50 and operates a gearbox 64 on the central axis of the chamber 50 to drive a downwardly extending axis 66 that supports a pair of stirring arms 68 that extend extend outwards (radially from the chamber 50 where it is cylindrical) which are located just above the lower wall 54 of the chamber 50.
    [0070] The stirring arms 68 can be shaped to push the fragmented residues into the dehydration element. As an example, the driven agitation element may have blades with a rope slanted to the horizontal, with the front edge of each blade above its rear edge. DEHYDRATION ELEMENT AND COMPRESSOR
    [0071] The bottom wall 54 of the receiving chamber 50 has a hemicylindrical protuberance 56 that extends across its width (from right to left in figure 3) at the top of which is an opening 58 (which can be rectangular) .
    [0072] Below chamber 50 runs, extending backwards (to the left in Figure 3), a low pressure first stage 60a from a first two-stage Archimedes screw conveyor 60. The first low pressure stage 60a comprises a screw element that moves in a cylindrical housing that has an upper opening 59 there coupled to the rectangular opening 58. A cylindrical housing (or guard) 600 of the first stage of the screw conveyor is drilled with holes 63 at its bottom for allow water to be squeezed out of the residue to dehydrate the residue. In this example, the holes are 2 mm holes, although other holes of other sizes can be used as long as they allow water to escape, but not the residue. To the right (in Figure 3) of the perforated region of the cylindrical housing of the first stage of the screw conveyor and the upper opening 59 is a downward opening 61 (which, in one example, can be rectangular) in the housing. This opening 61 is for use during a cleaning operation and is to allow material to exit the conveyor when the screw is run in reverse to drive that material towards opening 61.
    [0073] The pitch, outer diameter and core diameter of this first low pressure stage 60a of the first Archimedes screw conveyor 60 can be constant, so that the residue is not substantially compressed at this point. Optionally, however, the pitch can progressively decrease and / or the core diameter can progressively increase to impose a greater degree of compression, although the main objective of this stage is dehydration rather than compression.
    [0074] Behind (to the left in Figure 3) of chamber 50, a second stage 60B of screw conveyor 60 is formed as a high pressure region. In the first stage 60A of the screw conveyor, the screw comprises a helical thread of constant pitch in a core of constant diameter. In the second stage 60B, the screw 30 comprises a progressively expandable (backward) cutting section core that carries a constant pitch helical screw thread in order to facilitate compression. In a home-size unit, the core of constant diameter in the first stage of the screw conveyor can be, for example, 120 mm in length, whereas in the second stage of the screw conveyor, the progressive expansion core can be of a length 250 mm. The core can have a diameter of 15 mm in relation to its part of constant diameter, expanding in the second section to 30 mm. The total diameter of the screw can be 35 mm. The high pressure region can have a taper and operational speed, in order to produce a pressure of 399.9 MPa (58,000 psi or 4,000 bar). The moisture or water content at this stage can be 25% by weight.
    [0075] In the second stage 60B of the screw conveyor, the screw is contained within a cover 70 that can be opened for cleaning purposes. Figure 5 shows an example of the cover 70, in an open position. As shown in Figure 5, the cover 70 is formed by two empty hemicylindrical shells 72, 74 carried by respective arms 76 that are articulated to move about an axis 78 that extends in parallel and above the sheath 70. The shells are movable between a first, closed position, in which they form the cover 70 that encloses the screw and a second position shown in Figure 5 in which the screw is accessible for cleaning. In an intermediate position, not shown, the pressure within the cover is released and any attached solid items can be expelled downwards as described in more detail below.
    [0076] Hinged housings 72, 74 thus provide access for cleaning by cleaning fluid and may also allow the relief of excess pressure caused by an incompressible object inadvertently passing through this part of the machine.
    [0077] The cover 70 of the second stage of the screw conveyor is contained within a cylindrical washing chamber 170 to which the cleaning fluid is pumped, as described below. DUST RECEIVER
    [0078] In this example, the dust receiver is a dust hopper 80 arranged at the rear of the rear wall of the hopper 14. The dust hopper 80 has a door 82 in its upper opening that can be opened to the user, which can be , for example, hinged or sliding in use. From the base of the powder hopper 80, a powder track 84 extends downwards, communicating with an upward opening in a cover of a second Archimedes screw conveyor 86. MIXER
    [0079] Behind the second stage of the first screw conveyor is a cylindrical mixing chamber 88 on top of which the second screw conveyor 86 empties through an inlet 90 so that the dehydrated and fragmented food residue from the first conveyor screw 60 and hopper powder 80 meet and are mixed by a large diameter mixing screw 89 and transported to the rear of the mixing chamber. OUTPUT
    [0080] The mixed waste leaves the mixing chamber 88 through a port 92 at its base and falls into a tapered trough 94 from which it is driven by a fourth screw conveyor 96 forward (to the right, in figure 3 ) to exit through a mouth 98 in a bag 101 held in a bag tray 100 that can be removed from the apparatus by sliding out of a front of the housing 10. The tray 100 may have a conductive base 35 (e.g., metal) of heat that can assist the drying process. CLEANING
    [0081] Below the first stage of the first screw conveyor, there is a filter tray 102 which has a mesh filter 104 on its upper opening which can, for example, be made of wire or plastic. Tray 102 is slidable out of the front of the device for cleaning.
    [0082] A cleaning cycle is provided for washing through the parts of the appliance that encounter residues of moist food, while keeping the parts of the appliance through which the hopper powder 80 passes dry. Thus, the appliance can, conceptually, be divided into a "wet" part and a dry part. The "dry part" is the part through which the powder passes and comprises the powder hopper 80, the screw conveyor 86, the mixing chamber 88 and the path from there to the collecting bag 101. The "wet part" "comprises all the way from the food waste to its mixing with the powder. Only the "wet part" is washed in the cleaning cycle.
    [0083] A water inlet is provided at 110 for a cleaning pump 112 from which the water is directed to a hot water cylinder 150 provided at the rear of the apparatus adjacent to the mixing chamber 88. An electric heater element 152 extends inside the hot water cylinder 150. A pipe connects the hot water cylinder 15 with the spray jets 120 above the side walls of the hopper 14 and with the washing chamber 170 that surrounds the transport cover 70. The chamber wash 170 drains into filter 104 through a pipe to a drain hole 170a that exits above filter 104. A drain 172 extends from filter tray 102 backwards to a discharge sand filter 174 connected via a drain pump 162 to a discharge outlet 176 to be connected to a dirty water drain system. Thus, all the water used in a cleaning cycle finally drains through the drain 172 to the discharge filter 174 and is ejected by the drain pump 162.
    [0084] Between the high pressure section 60B of the first screw conveyor inside the cover 70 and the mixing chamber 88 is positioned a rotary ball valve 166 operated by a rotary shaft 168. The valve is operable as a ball valve for prevent the cleaning water from flowing backwards into the dry section of the appliance (mixing chamber 88).
    [0085] A cleaning solution container 178 is provided, which also has a lid 178a accessible to the user. This feeds the cleaning solution for the hot water supply that exits the hot water cylinder 150 as it passes through a Venturi 148. CONTROL SYSTEM
    [0086] The device components are driven by a motor drive mechanism of a 180 control drive system. The motor drive mechanism comprises an electric motor coupled to drive the various components through belt and drive units. gear as appropriate. For the sake of clarity, these are not shown in Figure 3. As an example, the drive mechanism may have a gearbox with an output shaft that drives a first of the blade rolling knives or shafts 44 and 46, the drive being communicated with another axis 46, engaging pinions connecting the two axes for counter-rotation. The screw conveyors 60, 86, 96 and the mixing chamber screw 89 can be driven by belt drives coupled to the motor. Gearbox 64 is coupled via shaft 62 to the drive motor. Thus, as an example, an internally toothed transmission belt (not shown) can connect a toothed wheel at the opposite end of one of the axles 4 4 and 46 6 to a toothed wheel at the front end of the screw element of the first screw conveyor while another drive belt can draw power from the same gearbox to the 5-chamber mixing chamber screw in the mixing chamber 88 and to the fourth screw conveyor 96.
    [0087] For simplicity, the electrical couplings and sensors of the control system are not shown in Figure 3. Several sensors are provided to detect if there are supplies of dust and cleaning fluid and if the bag in tray 100 is full and if the various trays and doors are closed properly. Indicator lights can be provided to inform the user of the status reported by some or all of these sensors. The user input devices (switches and / or buttons) for controlling the operation of the device are also not shown. Obviously, it will be appreciated that the operating time of the components coupled to the engine's drive mechanism is controlled by gear ratios and belt arrangement and that the control system is arranged to ensure that the engine is not operated unless the doors are closed and the hoppers contain sufficient material (waste or dust, as appropriate). The control system can also stop the operation of the motor and other components in case of detection (for example, due to improper load on the motor) of a foreign or unduly large object (such as cutlery or very large bones) on the conveyor screw 60. In these circumstances, the control system can also be designed to automatically reverse the operation of the screw conveyor to expel the unwanted object or to alert a user to enable the user to activate a user input device to reverse the operation of the screw conveyor .
    [0088] The control system can cause a cleaning cycle to be carried out automatically or in response to a user who activates a user input device that controls the start of a cleaning cycle.
    [0089] The control system may comprise an electromechanical control system or a microprocessor or computer control system, similarly to a washing machine or dishwasher. APPLIANCE OPERATION
    [0090] In use, the device works as follows, under the control of the control system and the user. In a first step, the food residue (as explained above) is placed by the user in hopper 14 and door 12 of the hopper is closed. The residue can be stored temporarily as desired, with additional residues being added from time to time. The powder (as explained above) is loaded into the hopper 80 and the cleaning fluid (as explained above) is loaded into the cleaning fluid container 178.
    [0091] When desired, the device is activated by the user. Provided that all safety checks are met, including detecting that the food waste door 12 is closed, the motor 180 drives the side walls of the hopper to roll into its open position, dropping food waste on the knife shafts now rotating 44, 46.
    [0092] In the second stage of the process, the food residues are chopped, crushed and ground by the axes of the knife 44, 46 and the laminated wheels 48 that they drive and are reduced to particles of about 2mm in size. Even the very large bones are easily treated, but if an object such as cutlery is accidentally dropped, this is detected as excessive resistance to the movement of the main drive motor. In this case, the motor overload causes the motor to stop and reverse. The blades are inverted by reversing the motor to expel the article, an alarm is given by audible or visible indication and the process is interrupted. The item can be retrieved from the filter tray 102, having been made on the side of the blade wheels 48 on the filter 104.
    [0093] The pulverized residue is dragged down through the clamping provided by the blade axes 44 and falls into the waste receiving chamber 50 below, where the stirring arms 68 guide the residue through the outlet opening 58 to enter the first section low pressure of the first screw conveyor 60.
    [0094] In the third stage, the waste is conducted backwards between the screw of the first low pressure section 60A of the first screw conveyor 60 and its cover protection and is dehydrated and slightly compressed, with liquid exuded from the waste passage through the openings 63 in the guard to fall into the filter tray 102 below through the filter 104. Depending on the original water content of the waste, typically 50 to 70% of the waste weight is lost here as liquid water.
    [0095] From there, the waste is conducted backwards in the second high pressure stage 60B of the first screw conveyor 60. As stated above, in the second stage, the cross sectional area of the screw conveyor increases, for example, continuously, towards the mixing chamber (alternatively or additionally, the pitch of the screw conveyor decreases, for example continuously, towards the mixing chamber). This causes compression of the waste and, as a result, the waste is placed under high pressure. The pressure in this section can rise to 25MPa - 35MPa or higher, for example 400MPa (Mega Pascal). This second high pressure section, section 60b, can generate heat that can assist in drying the waste. This heat can also be used to help heat the cleaning water.
    [0096] The housings 72 and 74 around the screw of the conveyor are obviously closed at this stage, but can be forced to open slightly, if excessive pressure builds up on the conveyor, for example, if a non-compressible body makes it so far in the process. If, for example, a piece of bone or similar, too large to pass through this section with the enclosures completely closed, enters this part of the conveyor, opening the enclosures, for example, mm, will allow it to pass into the mixing chamber 88 providing a little extra clearance.
    [0097] The crushed waste now has a paste-like consistency and a water or moisture content of typically about 30% by weight, preferably 25% by weight, as it emerges through valve 160 in the mixing chamber 88 wherein the powder is supplied from hopper 80. The powder contained in hopper 80 can be any of those mentioned above. As an example, the powder can be a mixture of Portland cement, quick lime and fine silica of the type conventionally sold as glass mortar, with an optional addition of a fungicide such as copper sulfate. The waste can be heated during the hot water mixing process in the hot water cylinder 150.
    [0098] The mixture of powder and food waste is cut and mixed in a fifth stage of the process by the thread of the mixing screw 89 in the mixing chamber 88 and is progressively forced backwards, in a sixth stage of the process, being forced downwards through the trough 94, along the last screw conveyor 96 and inside a suitably paper bag, in the bag tray 100. At this point, the residue and the powder will have formed particles about 1-2 mm in size that are quite dry and that gradually set up to become a fluid fluid powder. If the bag is partially filled through the process, a full bag sensor (not shown) will cause the control system to stop operation of the device and alert a user to allow a replacement bag to be installed.
    [0099] The bag containing the processed waste can be reserved for future disposal, since its contents are quite odorless and are not affected due to getting wet. Processed waste can therefore be stored without difficulty to await collection.
    [0100] At the end of the duty cycle, when all the waste from the waste hopper 12 has been treated, the absence of other waste just upstream of the collection bag is detected by a sensor (not shown), such as a paddle switch or similar.
    [0101] Where the food waste hopper 14 has a capacity similar to a large dough, then, typically, a hopper full of garbage can be processed in about 60 seconds.
    [0102] The control system can cause a wash cycle to start after the end of the duty cycle. Of course, if you prefer, this automatic feature can be omitted and the wash cycle can be started manually.
    [0103] In the wash cycle, water from the hot water tank 150 containing cleaning fluid dragged from container 178 is pumped into jets 120 in the lid or port 12 of hopper 14 and the control system causes the side walls to rotate 20 open and close several times (for example, three times) to allow your undersides to be cleaned. The control system keeps the hinged side walls 20 open to allow cleaning of the knife blades on the wheels 48 and the wet food processing zones below them.
    [0104] The control system will also cause the casings 72, 7 4 to open in the high pressure transport zone to allow water to be supplied for cleaning in the washing cylinder 170. It is evident that, before a cycle of washing is initiated, the control system causes valve 160 (which can be a rotary ball valve) to close to prevent water from flowing into the "dry part" of the appliance. As shown in Figure 3, the cleaning water drains through the drain hole 170a into the filter tray 102 above the filter 104. Although not shown in Figure 3, the control system can cause the cleaning water to be again circulated from the filter tray 102 before being pumped by the drain pump and then causes the clean water to be pumped through the "wetted part" to complete the cleaning cycle.
    [0105] The control system ensures that the covers operable by the user are blocked during the cleaning process, but are released at its end and the valve 160 is opened so that the device is ready for use. The entire cleaning cycle can only take about 1 minute and 40 seconds.
    [0106] The appliance described is suitable for installation in a conventional domestic or commercial kitchen in the same way as a washing machine or dishwasher. It is capable of receiving and processing not only food waste, but essentially everything that can normally be left on a plate, including light food packaging such as jars of yogurt and non-edible portions of food such as fruit peels and pits. In addition, it is capable of receiving and handling poultry carcasses and joint bones. Although the device can successfully receive and pass materials such as cardboard packaging or plastic packaging, this is not desirable because these non-biodegradable materials are capable of being usefully recycled. In addition, although they would pass through the apparatus, they inherently would not contain enough water to properly react with the powder described above.
    [0107] One or more of the screw conveyors can be replaced by other transport mechanisms, such as piston arrangements and, where appropriate, dehydration and compression can be achieved by other means, such as a centrifuge arrangement. Other forms of valves, hoppers and locking mechanisms can be used that provide the same or similar functionality. In the example described above, the hopper 14 has rotating side walls, other suitable mechanisms can be used to allow the discharge of residues from a complete hopper onto the counter-rotating knife blades, for example, a sliding door arrangement. Also, the relative positions and orientations of the components need not necessarily be as described above. In addition, bag 101 can be replaced by another form of collection mechanism. EXAMPLES
    [0108] The apparatus embodying the invention has been used to process food waste in the form of, for example, a lamb dinner with potatoes and vegetables and a chicken curry. Figures 6, 7 and 8b show the processed waste, where the waste was a lamb dinner and the proportion of powdered food waste was 25 to 35% by volume of powdered waste as described above, the powder being a powder based on Portland cement as discussed above. Figure 6 shows a photograph illustrating the compressor outlet (the second stage of the screw conveyor in the example above), which is the entrance to the mixing chamber 88 while Figure 7 shows a photograph illustrating the processed outlet supplied to the bag 101 The waste outlet through the compressor has a consistency similar to the solidified porridge while the actual outlet from the appliance is a dry granulated material that has a consistency similar to that produced by mixing flour, fat and sugar to produce a cover for the disintegration of fruits or after mixing flour and fat before adding water while making short crust dough. Typically, the final processed waste has a particle size of about 2mm on average. The color of the final processed product is dependent on the color of the "ingredients" (the waste and the powder), but the final processed residue is a dry granular material that is odorless and can be stored at the kitchen site for 4 to 6 weeks or more, without the need for refrigeration or cooling, even in summer. In fact, the life expectancy of about four months before the onset of microbial infection has been reached.
    [0109] As described above, the drying agent comprises a powder. Drying agents that may be considered granular materials or granules and that they themselves have little or no tendency to agglomerate or that have a slightly larger particle size than perhaps is usual for a powder may be possibilities and should be considered as Within the definition of powder, as used here, the requirement is that the powder assists in the drying of crushed, dehydrated and compressed waste and perhaps also in its mixing and grinding.
    [0110] The addition of powder to fragmented, dehydrated and compressed residues significantly helps in drying and achieving the aforementioned useful life. Where such life spans are not necessary, then dust can be omitted. Figure 8 shows a photograph illustrating the processed output supplied to bag 101 when powder is omitted. It is clear from a comparison of Figures 7 and 8 that the omission of the powder results in a processed garbage product that has a significantly larger particle size, more like a spongy granola than the crushed coating, which can result in part of the higher moisture content causing the agglomeration.
    [0111] In embodiments, as shown in Figure 3, the second stage 60B of the screw conveyor 60 has a core or shaft with a cross-sectional area that increases in the direction in which the waste is being transported (that is, towards the mixing chamber 88 in Figure 3). This external burning of the core or axis in the direction of the waste transport causes the waste to be compressed or compacted against the internal surface of the second stage housing 60B as the waste travels to the mixing chamber 88. This produces a ring or waste material ring with the thickness (in a direction transverse to the waste transport direction) of the waste material ring or ring that decreases in the direction of transport, as the waste material becomes increasingly compressed or compacted against the interior surface of the second stage housing 60B. Thus, as the residue moves along the second stage 60B of the screw conveyor, it is compressed or compacted into a ring of thinner material.
    [0112] This compaction or compression results in the waste ring or ring at a very high pressure at the end of the second high pressure stage 60B. In the example given above, this pressure is about 399.9 MPa (58000 psi or 4000 bar). Figure 6 shows an example of a waste ring or ring being extruded from second stage 60B. As the garbage ring or ring is extruded from the second stage 60B there is a sudden drop in pressure that has been found to kill most of the bacteria present in the waste. This sudden drop in pressure can be achieved by means of a small space (on the order of a few millimeters) at the end of the second stage 60B. In addition, or as another possibility, pressure can be released by the mixing blade 89 of the mixing chamber.
    [0113] In embodiments, the appliance is a stand-alone appliance that can be placed under a kitchen work surface or positioned in a convenient location in a kitchen or other environment.
    [0114] In this specification, unless expressly stated otherwise, the word "or" is used in the sense of an operator that returns a true value when one or both of the declared conditions are met, as opposed to the "exclusive or" operator which requires only one of the conditions to be met. The word 'comprising' is used in the sense of "having" and / or "including" instead of necessarily meaning "made up of". All previous teachings recognized above are hereby incorporated by reference. No recognition of any document previously published here should be considered as an admission or representation that your teaching was common knowledge in Australia or elsewhere as of the date of this document.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    1. An apparatus for processing kitchen waste consisting of food waste in the kitchen facilities, the apparatus comprising: an entrance for receiving kitchen waste (120); a crusher (200) for crushing the received waste to provide crushed waste; a dehydration device (500) for dehydrating the crushed waste to supply dehydrated crushed waste, a compressor (501) for compressing the dehydrated crushed waste to provide compressed dehydrated crushed waste, and an outlet (920) for providing processed waste ready for collection , the apparatus characterized by the fact that it also comprises: a valve (160) that is provided at an outlet of the compressor (501), in which the valve (160) is movable between an open position to allow the passage of compressed dehydrated garbage and a closed position for a cleaning cycle; a control system (180) to start a cleaning cycle, to pass the cleaning liquid through one or more of the compressor (501), the dehydration device (500) and the grinder (200) and to discharge fluid from cleaning spent through an outlet drainage hole, a sensor to detect the presence of residues to be treated, to allow the start of a cleaning cycle, when the presence of residues in the device is no longer detected; and a hopper (14) for containing a drying agent, mixer (880) for mixing compressed dehydrated crushed waste with drying agent and a mechanism for dispensing the hopper drying agent (14) for delivery to the mixer (880).
    [0002]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the entrance has a movable cover (12) between a closed position and an open position and the entrance communicates with a hopper (14) having an exit, the exit of hopper (14) communicating with the shredder (200) via a door mechanism, and in which the door mechanism and lid (12) are interconnected in such a way that the door mechanism opens to supply food waste to the shredder ( 200) only when the lid (12) is in the closed position, and in such a way that the lid (12) is openable to allow a user to add food waste to the hopper (14) only when the door mechanism it is closed.
    [0003]
    Apparatus according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by the fact that the shredder (200) comprises at least one pair of knife or blade driven in a counter-rotating manner supporting axes (44, 46) that define a squeeze through which waste is forced.
    [0004]
    Apparatus according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the shredder (200) comprises a receiving chamber (50) for transferring waste to the dehydration device (500), the reception (50) which has an agitation element during agitation and / or orienting the waste.
    [0005]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the dehydration device (500) includes an Archimedes screw that has a housing with water outlet openings.
    [0006]
    Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the compressor (501) is composed of an Archimedes screw with a screw thread and a core and at least one of the following: the core increases in diameter from an inlet to an outlet of the screw; and the pitch of the screw decreases from the entrance to the exit.
    [0007]
    Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the compressor (501) has a housing around the screw, the housing containing hinged shells (72, 74) arranged to open to allow cleaning.
    [0008]
    8. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the dehydration device (501) and the compressor comprise Archimedes screws with screw threads arranged on the cores, which are coupled to each other, or they are integral or unitary.
    [0009]
    Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the compressor (501) consists of a conveyor configured to compress the waste against a housing of the conveyor so that, as the waste is transported along the conveyor, the waste forms a thin, brittle ring of compressed or compacted waste material.
    [0010]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the compressor (501) consists of a screw conveyor (60) that has a core or shaft (78) that extends outwards in a direction in which the waste is transported by the screw conveyor (60) so that the waste becomes more and more compressed or compacted against a housing of the screw conveyor (60), as it is transported along the conveyor screw (60).
    [0011]
    11. Apparatus according to claims 9 or 10 characterized by the fact that a difference in pressure or space release follows the compressor conveyor.
    [0012]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the dehydration device (500) and the compressor (501) comprise screw conveyors (60) that can be driven in a reverse direction during a cycle of cleaning.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB201113457D0|2011-09-21|
    JP2013542072A|2013-11-21|
    EA029668B1|2018-04-30|
    JP5893039B2|2016-03-23|
    CN103249500A|2013-08-14|
    BR112013011483A2|2017-10-31|
    US9744574B2|2017-08-29|
    GB201018150D0|2010-12-08|
    US20130319262A1|2013-12-05|
    CA2814721A1|2012-05-03|
    GB2485014A|2012-05-02|
    WO2012055931A3|2012-09-07|
    WO2012055931A2|2012-05-03|
    EA201300466A1|2013-11-29|
    AU2011322551A1|2013-05-02|
    CA2814721C|2020-03-10|
    AU2011322551B2|2015-09-24|
    MY164572A|2018-01-15|
    IL225856A|2017-10-31|
    CN103249500B|2016-04-20|
    IL225856D0|2013-07-31|
    EP2632615A2|2013-09-04|
    KR20130114163A|2013-10-16|
    ZA201302960B|2016-01-27|
    GB2485014B|2015-03-04|
    KR101961795B1|2019-03-25|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-06| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-03-31| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-07-07| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 26/10/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GBGB1018150.1A|GB201018150D0|2010-10-27|2010-10-27|A method of and apparatus for treating waste and a waste product|
    GB1018150.1|2010-10-27|
    GB1113457.4|2011-08-04|
    GB1113457.4A|GB2485014B|2010-10-27|2011-08-04|A method of and apparatus for treating waste and a waste product|
    PCT/EP2011/068793|WO2012055931A2|2010-10-27|2011-10-26|A method of and apparatus for treating waste and a waste product|
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